Friday, Jul 24, 2026 The claims desk. Receipts included. POWERED BY LENZ
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GENERAL

The Claim

Previous studies on gender representation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) textbooks have mostly focused on the frequency of male and female characters and their occupational roles.

The Short Version

The claim captures the main pattern in earlier EFL textbook gender research. Reviews and case studies commonly describe the field as dominated by quantitative counts of male and female visibility and role distributions, including occupations. However, that summary is somewhat narrow because many studies also examined domestic roles, visual prominence, ordering, and discourse or agency.

Caveats

  • The phrase "occupational roles" is narrower than the broader role categories many studies used, which often included domestic and family roles too.
  • A meaningful secondary strand of research analyzed discourse, agency, turn-taking, lexical choices, and power relations, not just character counts.
  • The strongest support comes from review-style and peer-reviewed studies; weaker items in the source list do not materially change the overall conclusion.

The Receipts

  1. Sexist textbooks: Automated analysis of gender bias in millions of textbooks from 34 countries

    PLOS ONE / PubMed Central

  2. 人教版初中英语教科书插图的性别角色研究

    Frontiers in Educational Research (前沿教育研究)

  3. 初中英语新教材插图的性别表征对比研究

    Advances in Education (教育进展)

  4. Gender Representation in Children’s EFL Textbooks

    Theory and Practice in Language Studies (Academy Publication)

  5. Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks in Iranian High Schools

    ERIC

  6. 及物系统理论视角下英语专业教材语篇中的性别表征分析

    Modern Linguistics (现代语言学)

  7. Gender Representation in Taiwanese EFL Textbooks

    e-FLT (Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, NUS)

  8. Gender Representation in EFL Textbooks in Basic Education in Ecuador

    ERIC

  9. Gender Representation in English Textbooks for Secondary Level Students

    Middle East University (master’s thesis repository)

  10. Gender representation in EFL textbooks: A case study of Iranian high school textbooks

    ERIC / Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies

+ 5 more sources — see the full list on Lenz

Filed Under

EFL TextbooksEnglish As A Foreign LanguageGender Representation