The Short Version
Multiple studies do find a statistical association between living at higher altitudes and lower diabetes prevalence, and a 2026 Cell Metabolism study identified a plausible mechanism in mice (red blood cells absorbing more glucose under low-oxygen conditions). However, the key human evidence is cross-sectional — it cannot prove causation. Some studies in high-altitude populations actually found higher diabetes risk, and the scientific community considers the question still debated. The claim's language — "provides protection" — overstates what the evidence currently supports.