The Short Version
The claim that the Library of Alexandria was destroyed in a single catastrophic event is not supported by historical evidence. Multiple credible sources document several destructive episodes spanning centuries—including Caesar's fire (48 BCE), Aurelian's sack (~270 CE), the Serapeum's destruction (391 CE), and gradual institutional neglect. Crucially, evidence of continued library activity after Caesar's fire directly contradicts the single-event narrative. The scholarly consensus points to cumulative damage and decline, not one dramatic moment of destruction.