Narendra Modi has exhibited authoritarian or dictatorial leadership characteristics as Prime Minister of India.

Caveats

• The term 'dictatorial' implies unconstrained personal rule; India still holds competitive elections and maintains institutional checks, so 'authoritarian tendencies' is more precisely supported than 'dictatorship.'
• Some supporting sources are polemical commentary (e.g., Le Monde opinion framing, Fair Observer) rather than index-based or peer-reviewed scholarly assessments; readers should distinguish editorial characterizations from systematic measurements.
• Key refutation sources are either outdated (American Enterprise Institute, 2015) or come from politically aligned voices (sitting government ministers, pro-government outlets), limiting their evidentiary weight against more recent institutional analyses.