Friday, Jul 24, 2026 The claims desk. Receipts included. POWERED BY LENZ
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SCIENCE

The Claim

Lower intelligence and weaker analytic thinking skills are strongly and consistently associated with greater receptivity to misinformation and unsubstantiated claims, according to scientific research.

The Short Version

The core relationship described in this claim is well-supported by multiple peer-reviewed studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews showing that weaker analytic and reflective thinking is consistently associated with greater susceptibility to misinformation and unsubstantiated beliefs. However, the claim's use of "lower intelligence" somewhat overstates the evidence: the literature more precisely identifies analytic thinking style, cognitive reflection, and critical thinking dispositions—constructs related to but broader than general intelligence—as the key predictors. Effect sizes also vary across domains.

Caveats

  • The term 'intelligence' conflates several distinct constructs; the strongest evidence links analytic thinking, cognitive reflection, and critical thinking dispositions—not IQ alone—to misinformation resistance.
  • Effect sizes and consistency vary by domain (e.g., fake news detection vs. health misinformation vs. conspiracy beliefs vs. eyewitness suggestibility), so the claim's framing of a uniform 'strong and consistent' association is somewhat overstated.
  • The cited research is predominantly correlational; the claim's wording may imply a simple causal relationship, whereas motivational factors, cognitive miserliness, and contextual variables also play significant roles.

The Receipts

  1. Critical Thinking, Intelligence, and Unsubstantiated Beliefs - PMC

    PMC

  2. Insight Problem Solving Ability Predicts Reduced Susceptibility to Misinformation

    PubMed Central (NIH)

  3. Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, and analytic thinking

    PubMed (NIH)

  4. Examining the association between social media fatigue, cognitive ...

    PMC

  5. Do cognitive abilities reduce eyewitness susceptibility to the ... - PMC

    PMC

  6. Mastering critical thinking skills is strongly associated with the ability ...

    Frontiers in Education

  7. Intellectual humility and misinformation receptivity: A meta-analytic review

    Advances in Psychology

  8. Beyond 'fake news': Analytic thinking and the detection of false and hyperpartisan news headlines

    Judgment and Decision Making (Cambridge University Press)

  9. Reflective thinking predicts lower conspiracy beliefs: A meta-analysis

    Judgment and Decision Making

  10. What psychological factors make people susceptible to believe and ...

    American Psychological Association

+ 7 more sources — see the full list on Lenz

Filed Under

Analytic ThinkingIntelligenceMisinformation

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